OnRamps Physics Practice Test

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• If the intensity doubles, by approximately how many decibels does Beta increase?
• How is the normal force defined on a contact surface?
• Calculate the y-coordinate of the center of mass for two point masses: m1 = 1 kg at y1 = 0 m, m2 = 4 kg at y2 = 2 m.
• Which expression gives the maximum static friction force that must be overcome to initiate motion?
• Which statement about entropy reflects the Second Law as described?
• All waves of the same type in the same medium have the same speed. Which statement best describes the general dependence of wave speed?
• At theta = 0, bottom of the swing, which statement is true?
• What is the wave speed on a stretched string in terms of the tension F_T and linear density mu?
• How much heat is required to melt 2 kg of ice at 0 C, given the latent heat of fusion L = 334 kJ/kg?
• Which symbol denotes angular velocity?
• For the harmonic wavelengths of a string fixed at both ends, lambda_n = 2L/n. Which statement is true as n increases?
• The direction of static friction relative to the intended motion is:
• Period is the reciprocal of frequency. If f = 4 Hz, what is T?
• If mass is doubled in a mass-spring oscillator with the same spring constant, the period changes by what factor?
• If an object's kinetic energy is 20 J and its gravitational potential energy is 30 J, what is its mechanical energy?
• Which statement describes Kepler's Second Law?
• Horizontal velocity in the absence of horizontal acceleration?
• In an inelastic collision, which statement is true?
• The universal gas constant R is related to Avogadro's number and Boltzmann's constant by which equation?
• Displacement given initial velocity, time, and acceleration: delta s = v0 t + (1/2) a t^2. If v0 = 3 m/s, a = 2 m/s^2, t = 5 s, what is delta s?
• Which formula gives the x-coordinate of the center of mass for multiple point masses?
• Horizontal acceleration?
• In rotational equilibrium, what does tau_net = 0 imply?
• In simple harmonic motion, how do the frequency and period depend on amplitude?
• If a horizontal force is applied to a block on a rough surface and the force is less than the maximum static friction, what happens?
• If the net external force on an object is zero, what is the change in its momentum over a given time interval?
• Which statement correctly contrasts average velocity and average speed?
• Using v_rms = sqrt(3 k_B T / m), compute v_rms for T = 300 K and molecular mass m = 4.65 × 10^-26 kg.
• Which statement best expresses Newton's second law in impulse form?
• What is the standard acceleration due to gravity near Earth's surface?
• Which statement about entropy in a closed system is true?
• Zeroth Law: If objects A and B are each in thermal equilibrium with object C, then what can be said about A and B?
• What does the slope of a velocity-versus-time graph represent?
• Which expression gives the gravitational force between two point masses m1 and m2 separated by distance r?
• At theta = 0, which quantity is maximum?
• Which expression gives the y-coordinate of the center of mass for multiple point masses?
• Which statement correctly defines the unit of force, the newton?
• Calculate the wave speed given a wavelength of 0.5 m and frequency of 20 Hz.
• What is the horizontal position after t = 3 s with v0x = 5 m/s?
• Which statement correctly expresses decibel level Beta in terms of the intensity ratio?
• Which expression gives the period of a simple pendulum?
• The average translational kinetic energy of gas molecules is KE_avg = (3/2) k_B T. If temperature doubles, what happens to KE_avg?
• Torque produced by a perpendicular force F at a lever arm length l is:
• What is s_y at t = 0 in the vertical position equation s_y = -(1/2) g t^2 + v0y t + s_y0?
• A device does 60 J of work in 6 seconds. What is its average power output?
• Which statement correctly describes Q_H and Q_C in a heat engine?
• The angular momentum L for a point mass is given by which expression?
• If a net horizontal force F acts on a mass m on a frictionless horizontal surface, what is the acceleration?
• According to the vector superposition principle, the total velocity is equal to:
• On a velocity-versus-time graph, which quantity equals the object's displacement?
• In a perfectly inelastic collision, which statement is true?
• At theta = -theta_max, which quantity is maximum?
• For a simple pendulum of length L in a uniform gravitational field g, which expression gives its frequency?
• At theta = -theta_max, which statement is true?
• A 4 kg object experiences a net force of 12 N. What is its acceleration?
• If the wave speed is 300 m/s and the wavelength is 3 m, what is the frequency?
• Using v_rms = sqrt(3 R T / M), calculate v_rms for T = 298 K and M = 0.028 kg/mol (approximate for nitrogen).
• In a tube closed at one end, what is the wavelength of the third harmonic (n=3)?
• At the equilibrium position x = 0, the kinetic energy is:
• If a particle's kinetic energy increases from 8 J to 32 J, what is the total work done on the particle?
• Constructive interference occurs when two waves have displacements of the same sign when they overlap. Which statement describes the resulting displacement?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between mass and rotational inertia?
• The angular momentum L for a point mass moving on a circle of radius r with speed v is:
• For an ideal gas with fixed n and V, what happens to P when the temperature increases?
• In a tube closed at one end, the fundamental frequency f1 is related to v and L by f1 = v/(4L). If v = 340 m/s and L = 0.85 m, what is f1 when L doubles to 1.70 m?
• If x is doubled in a spring with potential energy U_s = (1/2) k x^2, how does U_s change?
• In torque formula, what is the torque when the angle between radius and force is 90 degrees?
• What is the change in gravitational potential energy delta U_grav for a 3 kg mass raised by 4 m? (g = 9.8 m/s^2)
• Volume change: Given V0 = 0.75 m^3, beta = 6.0 × 10^-6 /°C, delta T = 25 °C, what is delta V?
• Two tones f1 = 440 Hz and f2 = 445 Hz produce a beat frequency of what?
• If the frequency doubles, what happens to the period?
• When a book rests on a table, which statement correctly describes the normal force?
• Frequency is defined as the number of cycles per unit time. If an oscillator completes 5 cycles in 2 seconds, what is its frequency?
• The period of a mass-spring oscillator increases with:
• What is the formula for average acceleration?
• In a tube closed at one end, the wavelength of the fundamental harmonic (n=1) is which of the following in terms of length L?
• For a 2 kg substance with specific heat capacity c = 4184 J/(kg·K) that undergoes a temperature change ΔT = 5 K, how much heat Q is transferred?
• What is the expression for the linear mass density mu of a string?
• Newton's Third Law describes what kind of force pair?
• Vertical position equation given gravity, initial vertical velocity, time, and height, s_y = -(1/2) g t^2 + v0y t + s_y0. Which form is correct?
• Melt 1.5 kg of ice at 0 C. With L = 334 kJ/kg, how much heat is required?
• Displacement given final velocity, acceleration, and time: delta s = vf t - (1/2) a t^2. If vf = 7 m/s, a = 2 m/s^2, t = 3 s, what is delta s?
• In a frictionless system, energy is conserved. If the mechanical energy remains the same over time, which statement is true?
• Which statement correctly defines the wavelength of a wave?
• At x = 0, which statement about a mass on a spring is true?
• Which equation correctly defines pressure in terms of force and area?
• Which expression correctly defines centripetal force for an object of mass m moving at speed v around a circle of radius r?
• During the apex of vertical projectile motion, what is the vertical velocity v_y?
• Which formula expresses Kepler's Third Law?
• Calculate the x-coordinate of the center of mass for two point masses: m1 = 2 kg at x1 = 0 m, m2 = 3 kg at x2 = 4 m.
• What is the work done by a constant force F on a displacement d when the angle between force and displacement is theta?
• A mass on a horizontal spring has k = 16 N/m and m = 4 kg. What is the natural frequency f?
• A 2 kg mass is raised by 3 m. What is the change in gravitational potential energy delta U_grav? (g = 9.8 m/s^2)
• A metal rod has initial length L0 = 2.50 m and a linear expansion coefficient alpha = 2.5 × 10^-5 per °C. If the temperature increases by delta T = 75 °C, what is the change in length delta L?
• Which expression represents the gravitational force on a block of mass m?
• The torque for lever arm length l and force F is given by which expression?
• In a fixed medium, how is the wavelength related to frequency?
• In translational equilibrium, if the net force is zero, which statement is true about acceleration and velocity?
• Which equation expresses the rotational analog to Newton's second law?
• Which of the following statements correctly describes engine efficiency?
• What is the component of gravity that acts perpendicular to the inclined plane?
• Which equation expresses torque as the rate of change of angular momentum?
• Which law describes Kepler's Third Law?
• If L = 1.0 m and v = 340 m/s, what is the fundamental frequency f1 = v/(2L)?
• In the RMS speed formula v_rms = sqrt(3 R T / M), what does M represent?
• Using the same mass and spring, what is the period T of the oscillation?
• At the maximum positive displacement (x = x_max), which is true?
• Work by the spring equals negative change in potential energy. If the potential energy increases during the displacement, the work done by the spring is:
• Which expression gives the frequency in terms of the period T?
• Which statement correctly relates the gravitational potential energy change and the work done by gravity?
• In a standing wave on a string with fixed ends, n represents the number of half-wavelengths that fit between the ends. Which option correctly states this?
• What value correctly represents Avogadro's number?
• According to Hooke's Law as stated, what is the restoring force F_s when displacement is x?
• The average angular velocity is defined as which expression?
• A volume V0 = 1.20 m^3 expands volumetrically with coefficient beta = 7.1 × 10^-6 per °C. If the temperature rises by delta T = 100 °C, what is the change in volume delta V?
• The average angular acceleration is defined as which expression?
• Which equation expresses momentum conservation for a two-body collision in one dimension?
• Which expression gives the fundamental frequency f1 in terms of the wave speed v and length L?
• At x = -x_max on a spring, which statement is true?
• Wave Rule #2 states what about frequency when a wave passes into a new medium?
• Horizontal position after time t with constant horizontal velocity: s_x equals what?
• Displacement is
• If distance increases from r to 3r, how does the intensity change?
• What is the expression for the sound intensity I in terms of the source power P and the area A over which the power spreads?
• What is the vertical acceleration a_y near Earth's surface under gravity, taking upward as positive?
• If the wavelength remains constant and the frequency doubles, what happens to the wave speed?
• Which term is the rotational analog of mass?
• If the length L of a simple pendulum is doubled, by what factor does its period increase?
• Which expression gives displacement when final velocity, acceleration, and time are known?
• Destructive interference occurs when two waves have opposite displacements. Which statement is true about the resulting displacement?
• Which statement correctly defines the amplitude of a wave?
• Velocity is ______ and ______.
• In a heat engine, which quantity represents heat absorbed from the high-temperature reservoir?
• In a spring, the restoring force direction is:
• Using delta U_grav = m g (delta h), what is the change in gravitational potential energy for a mass of 5 kg moved upward by 2 m (g ≈ 9.8 m/s^2)?
• What is the term for the rate of change of angular velocity?
• In an open-open tube, what is the fundamental wavelength in terms of the length L?
• Which statement is true for horizontal motion with zero horizontal acceleration?
• What does the slope of a position-versus-time graph represent?
• Which quantity is equal to the impulse delivered to an object?
• Which equation correctly defines impulse?
• Two tones at 300 Hz and 320 Hz produce a beat frequency of 20 Hz. Which option correctly states the beat frequency?
• Which statement is true about f_n = n f_1 for a string's harmonic series?
• On an incline, the magnitude of friction is given by which expression?
• A vertical spring carries a mass m = 2 kg. With g = 9.8 m/s^2 and k = 10 N/m, what is the equilibrium extension d?
• During a collision in an isolated system, which statement about momentum is true?
• Which statement best summarizes the First Law of Thermodynamics as described?
• Which quantity has both magnitude and direction?
• A stationary source at f_s = 440 Hz in air (v = 340 m/s) has a detector moving toward the source at v_d = 10 m/s. What observed frequency f_d is observed?
• Speed of sound is given as 340 m/s. What is the numerical value for the speed of sound in this material?
• For the harmonic frequencies f_n = n v / (2L), if n doubles, what happens to f_n?
• The period of a mass-spring system is measured in:
• Displacement given time, initial velocity, and final velocity: delta s = 1/2 (v0 + vf) t. If v0 = 2 m/s, vf = 6 m/s, t = 4 s, what is delta s?
• What is the potential energy of a spring at the equilibrium position x = 0?
• What is the Celsius temperature corresponding to 300 Kelvin?
• What is the kinetic energy of a 5 kg object moving at 3 m/s?
• At time t = 0, what is s_y in the vertical position equation?
• Which formula expresses Newton's Second Law?
• For an open-open tube with length L = 1.0 m and wave speed v = 340 m/s, what is the fundamental frequency?
• In the ideal gas law, if n and temperature T are held constant, what is the relation between pressure P and volume V?
• If the Celsius temperature is -50 C, what is the corresponding temperature in Kelvin?
• Newton's First Law is best described by which statement?
• Torque produced by a horizontal lever arm of length l with a perpendicular force F is equal to which expression?
• Speed has no ______ and is always taken as ______.
• In an elastic collision, which quantities are conserved?
• The speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum is approximately what value?
• Which statement correctly describes a trough in a wave?
• Which equation describes vertical velocity as a function of time in projectile motion near Earth's surface, taking upward as positive?
• At theta = theta_max, which statement is true?
• Using the common sign convention for work, which statement is correct about a gas expanding at constant pressure?
• At the extreme displacement of a pendulum, which statement is true?
• In a given medium, which statement about wave speeds is true?
• Which statement is true about kinetic friction on a slipping object?
• Which quantity can be negative depending on the chosen coordinate direction?
• Which expression correctly gives the normal force on an incline in terms of mass m, gravity g, and angle theta?
• What is the correct formula for centripetal acceleration a_c in terms of speed v and radius r?
• Which statement best describes the Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum?
• In a perfectly inelastic collision, what happens to kinetic energy?
• If after 2 seconds with v0y = 0 and s_y0 = 0, what is s_y given g = 9.8 m/s^2?
• In an open-open tube of length L = 0.34 m and sound speed 340 m/s, what is the frequency of the second harmonic?
• Which equation relates final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration, and displacement?
• Which statement best describes Kepler's First Law?
• If the tension doubles on a string, the wave speed v on that string will increase by what factor (approximately)?
• What is the formula for average speed?
• Which expression gives displacement when initial velocity, time, and acceleration are known?
• What is the SI unit of pressure?
• For the nth harmonic with two fixed ends, lambda_n = 2L/n. What is lambda_1?
• If the distance from a sound source is doubled, what happens to the intensity?
• Which equation gives the final velocity when initial velocity, acceleration, and time are known?
• What is the relationship between wave speed v, wavelength λ, and frequency f?
• If L = 1.0 m and v = 340 m/s, what is the third harmonic frequency f3?
• Which statement correctly describes kinetic friction?
• What is the value and units of the universal gravitational constant G?
• Restoring force for a pendulum at angle theta is given by which expression?
• Average velocity is defined as
• Which statement best describes Newton's Third Law regarding action-reaction pairs?
• What is the component of gravity that acts parallel to an incline with angle theta?
• In a frictionless system, the sum KE + U is constant. If initial KE + U equals 50 J, what is KE_f + U_f?
• Which equation expresses work done by a constant force when displacement and force form an angle theta?
• Which statement best describes average velocity vs. average speed?
• The rotational counterpart to force is known as what?
• For kinetic friction on a plane, which formula gives the frictional force?
• The normal force on an incline is given by which expression?
• Which statement describes the angular displacement used in calculating average angular velocity?
• Which statement captures the essence of the First Law as described?
• An engine has a heat input Q_H = 200 J and a heat expelled to the cold reservoir |Q_C| = 50 J. What is the efficiency?
• Zeroth Law: If A is in thermal equilibrium with C, and B is in thermal equilibrium with C, what can be said about A and C?